This largest permanent exhibition in the Museum presents the earliest history of mankind in the Polish lands from the beginning of settlement to the reign of Bolesław the Wrymouth. Numerous artefacts, reconstructions, models and illustrations very clearly show the process of change that took place in many areas of human life in the successive Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages. Thanks to this, the exhibition is intended for young children who enter the Museum for the first time, primary and secondary school pupils, as well as adults.

Of particular interest to children is the reconstruction of an Ice Age man's hut, made from original mammoth bones, as well as dioramas showing, among other things, a reindeer hunter's encampment, the life of Neolithic farmers or the inhabitants of a Slavic stronghold.

Older and more discerning visitors will appreciate, for example, the unique furnishings of a 6,500-year-old hunter's grave from Janisławice with a distinctive necklace made of aurochs' teeth, the treasures of bronze objects from the Cretan culture with an impressive diadem from Dratów, or the very finely crafted silver ornaments from the Roman influence period and the early Middle Ages. In addition, the exhibition features the oldest agricultural tools on Polish soil, the oldest earthenware, the first bronze and iron products.